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Cell Division

 

🔹 Growth of Bacteria: Cell Division by Binary Fission (6 marks)

Answer:
Bacteria grow and reproduce mainly through binary fission, which is a simple and rapid asexual process. In this process, one bacterial cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells.

🔸 Definition

Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction in which a single bacterial cell splits into two identical cells.

🔸 Steps of Binary Fission

  1. DNA Replication
    The bacterial chromosome (circular DNA) duplicates to form two identical copies.

  2. Cell Elongation
    The cell increases in size, and the two DNA copies move toward opposite ends.

  3. Septum Formation
    A cross-wall (septum) begins to form in the middle of the cell.

  4. Cell Separation
    The septum fully develops, and the cell splits into two separate daughter cells.

🔸 Characteristics

  • It is a rapid process, allowing quick population growth

  • Produces genetically identical cells

  • Occurs under favorable environmental conditions

🔸 Conclusion

Binary fission is the primary method of bacterial growth, enabling bacteria to multiply quickly and efficiently under suitable conditions.

Binary Fission 

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